The Restrict relativity

Albert Einstein established the relativity theory based on two postulates:

1 – The relativity postulate: The physics´ laws are the same to the observers on all inertial referential. It does not exist an outstanding inertial referential.

2 – The postulate of the velocity of light: The velocity of light in vacuum has the same value c in all both directions and inertial referential.

In the deduction of the main formula of Especial Relativity, Albert Einstein used the example of the light’s trajectory emitted by a lamp located on the floor of a train in a high velocity, which is reflected in a mirror on the ceiling of the train and it returns to its origin point.
This event is observed by Maria, from her referential, as a passenger of the train, and by João who is located outside the train on the referential in relation to Maria’s referential that is moving with velocity v.
We consider the ABB1 triangle, where:
A → position of light source in the beginning of its trajectory;
B → position of mirror when the source is on A;
B1 → position of mirror when the light incides on itself;
A1 → position of the light source when the mirror is on B1 position;
D → the light’s trajectory to Maria, independent of the movement of train;
L → light´s trajectory to João; trajetória da luz para João;
E → the distance traveled by the train while the light goes from A to B1;
v → velocity of train;
c → velocity of light;

Einstein, considering his postulate that “the velocity of light has the same value in all both directions and inertial referential”, proposes that light must be seen getting out from point A of the train’s floor as in the figure.
In this figure, the light seen by Maria inside the train goes through the trajectory D with velocity c, and João, standing still on the station, sees the same light goes through the trajectory L with velocity c, independent of velocity v of the train.
Einstein needed to close the ABB1triangle. However it had one problem, if he considers the absolute time t as in the classic physics of Newton it would appear an impediment, because:
- The trajectory with length D observed by Maria would be D = c x t;
- The trajectory with length L observed by João would be L= c x t, thus it would be impossible to close the ABB1 triangle, where D = L. If he considers that the photon observed by João is influenced by velocity v of the light source located inside the train, this photon would have velocity c₂, where:
c₂ = c + v , thus c₂ > c, it would solve the problem, because L >D, which permit that the ABB1 triangle be closed.
But this solution would be against its postulate, where c is constant to an observer on any referential. Thus, he just had one option which was to make the velocity of light constant to both observers, and to modify the way that Maria with velocity v of the train would measure the march of time when compared to that measured by João who is standing still on the station, in other words, the clock of Maria would work slower than the clock of João. Thus, Einstein was able to close the ABB1 right angled-triangle and, at the same time, he introduced in science the phenomenon of time dilatation, but he did not justified how it is possible to understand the performance of time dilatation. At first, due to this transgression of logic, the doctors of science did not accepted this revolutionary theory; however, when the mathematic of this theory began to solve problems that had never been solved by Newton’s physics, as for example, the precision of the mercury perihelion and the deflexion of the light ray next to sun, the physicists were obligated to accept this revolutionary theory and the absurd of time dilatation and contraction of space.
Resolution of the ABB1 triangle

[1] = -
[2] =-
[3] =-
[4] =
[5] =
[6] =
[7] t=

Where:
t = time that a photon takes to go through the trajectory L, with a light’s velocity c, measured by the clock of João;
t₀ = time that a clock takes to go through trajectory D, with light’s velocity c, measured by the clock of Maria
Thus, the real time dilatation it was introduced by science, when it is measured by clocks of observers that have relative velocity v between them.