The universe is Newtonian

The universe can just be known by the “eye” of a hypothetical observer who has a global and instantaneous vision and are at absolute space reference frame. Newton believed that absolute space was the beginning of whole motions.
Newton also affirmed that “photons are influenced by speed of light” in accordance with the Logical Deductions theories. Therefore, we are just bringing back the concept of light, which was already defined by Newton.
The light is influenced by the speed of its source. Actually, it really happens but just for a hypothetical observer who sees all motions from the absolute space reference frame; the one able to see such influence must be at rest. In the other hand, the observer in any other frame of reference is always moving. Thus, he will not see the whole motions, so that he is not able to know his expansion speed in the universe; due to it, he also can not know the real motions of photons emitted by sources that are on his frame of reference and are also influenced by the expansion speed that he does not know.

The dynamic between two galaxies P and L and the photon between them

For an observer on the absolute reference frame

The photon seen by an observer S in the absolute space, it means, in the reference of Big Bang (Figure 91a)
He knows speeds:
Vp: of expansion of universe of galaxy P;
Vt: of expansion of universe of galaxy L;
And the angle Ô between such speeds.
He will se in the age T1 of universe that those photons emitted by galaxy P on position P1 of its trajectory, one of them was emitted in direction of galaxy L that was in that moment on position L1 of its trajectory.
Such photon is influenced by speed Vp, changing its speed from c to c2 and also its trajectory from P1L1 to P1L according to figure 91a. This is the real trajectory of photon that can just be seen by this observer.
In a time T2 he will see:

• galaxy P goes from P1 to P at speed Vp;
• galaxy L goes from L1 to L at speed 1;
• photon goes from P1 to L at speed c2 describing its real trajectory that can just be seen by observer S in the absolute space.

He also sees a galaxy deviates from another one at uniform deviation speed Va.
The actual age of universe is T=13,7 billion years, where T=T1+T2, thus such photon will arrive at its destiny in galaxy L, being that due to its speed VL and the aberration effect, its speed is changed from c2 to c1 as it had covered the trajectory PL at speed c1=c-va.

For an observer on the galaxy P reference frame (the emitter of photons)

Such observer, who thinks he is standing still, sees galaxy L deviates from him at speed Va and also the photon emitted reaches galaxy L nowadays, which had covered the trajectory PL at speed c. Such trajectory is real for such observer and virtual for observer S (absolute space).

For an observer on galaxy L reference frame (the receiver of photons) (figure91b)

Such observer, who thinks he is standing still, sees galaxy P deviates from him at speed Va and emits photon in its direction in age T1 of universe on position P1.
Such photon approaches to him at speed c1=c-Va and arrives at him nowadays. When Science measure the frequency of light that arrives at us from galaxy, it is measuring the arrival speed of such photons by the formula v= λ x f, being “f” the frequency and λ the wave’s length. As at first Science defines the constant speed of light v equal to c, it uses the formula v= λ x f, changing wrongly the value of λ (wave’s length).
A galaxy (star) always emits light in the same way:

• at the same speed c;
• at the same frequency,
• at the same wave’s length,

It happens regardless of the distance between Earth and galaxy, from which the frequency of light is measured.

The light ray between two galaxies, P and L.

The light ray seen by an observer S on the absolute space reference frame.

The photons emitted by galaxy P during its trajectory P1P, will be always between two galaxies, forming a light ray that connects the galaxy to the galaxy L (see the figure). The observer will see that such ray has two motions:

• the motion Vp of its source; as the ray was dragged by galaxy P;
• the evolution of its height that increases at light´s speed c always between both galaxies.

None photon covers trajectory PL; Its length can be calculated as if a virtual photon covered it in a time T2 at speed c.

For an observer on the galaxy P reference.

Such observer, who thinks he is standing still, will see the light ray at speed c, in a space of time T2, reaches galaxy L1 that deviates from him at speed Va.

For an observer on the galaxy L reference.

Such observer will see the light ray approaches to him at speed c1=c-Va from point P1, from where it was emitted in a time T2 at speed c1=c-Va, while galaxy deviates at speed Va, going from position P1 toward P2.

The illusions that mislead Science

A photon proceeding from galaxy P, coming from position P1 has its speed changed by the influence of expansion speed Vp of its galaxy. Upon arriving at Earth, placed on position L nowadays due to expansion speed Vt of Earth and the aberration effect, the photon has its speed and arrival direction changed as it had came from position P that the galaxy emitter of photons occupies on the time that it reaches Earth. Thus, actually, we are seeing an illusion, because there is no direct connection between galaxy P on its actual position and the modern Earth. Besides that, for misleading Science even more, such illusion is apparently true, so that it shows that galaxy P in on position P in that moment
This is not a coincidence, because laws of dynamic of universe cause that such phenomena occurs for all galaxies, which its light arrives at us. It also happens when we simulate any pair of galaxies in our spreadsheet of universe. It causes that everything we see in the universe is an illusion, because none photon comes from the direction they were emitted; however, it is an illusion that becomes true.
When a galaxy P on position Po was formed it began to emit photons in all directions. Those photons emitted in direction of galaxy L - our Milky Way that was on position L0 in that moment- are influenced by the expansion speed Vp of its galaxy, changing its direction and speed.
The first of such photons arrives at Earth in a time T2, when Milky Way is on position L1.
During such time T2:

• Earth went from position Lo toward L1 and galaxy P from position Po toward position P1.

All photons emitted by P during its trajectory PoP1 suffered the same influence as the first photon and each one of them covers their own trajectory that is parallel to the first one’s trajectory. When such first photon arrives at L on L1, the others are aligned forming a light ray that connects galaxy P on P1 to Earth on position L1.

The light ray

It is important to emphasize that none of such photons covers the trajectory PL of light ray. Since that, the light ray will always be between its birth galaxy and Milky Way L, being dragged by expansion speed of galaxy P Vp increasing at speed c and also getting closer to Earth at speed c1. Meanwhile, the photons that formed such ray still being in their own trajectories at their speeds c2.
Let’s imagine that galaxy P is placed on position P´ and it has exploded for any reason in the time that Earth was on position L´, for emphasizing the real illusion that has been misleading the astromers. In any time after such explosion, an observer placed on Earth would see galaxy P on position P as it had not exploded and he would keep seeing it until the last photon emitted by galaxy P on P´ arrives at Earth on position L´. Thus, in such moment, he will see galaxy explodes as it was on position P´´.